Business document guide

Proforma vs commercial invoice: preliminary and final trade documents

Both documents can describe goods, parties, prices and trade terms, but they serve different stages. A proforma presents a proposed transaction; a commercial invoice records the priced trade transaction when it proceeds.

At a glance

Clear practical differences

DifferenceProforma invoiceCommercial invoice
StagePreliminary or pre-sale.Final priced trade transaction.
Main purposeCommunicates proposed goods, prices, validity and terms.Documents the commercial value and shipment transaction.
Common detailsExporter, buyer, validity, Incoterm, proposed items, freight and payment terms.Exporter, consignee, HS codes, origin, destination, Incoterm, weights, charges and total.
Payment meaningMay support an advance-payment discussion but is not proof of payment.States the transaction value but is not itself a payment receipt.

Choose the document

When to use each document

Use a proforma before the transaction is final

Choose it to present preliminary goods, pricing, validity and trade terms to a prospective buyer.

Open Proforma Invoice Generator